Golden bamboo, also known as bamboo, fishpole bamboo, monk’s belly bamboo, and fairyland bamboo, is a widely recognized and readily available plant. Its striking appearance with its smooth, clean culms, lance-shaped green leaves, and attractive yellow-green stripes on the lower culms’ sheaths, along with its compact internodes, appeals to beauty enthusiasts. Golden bamboo can grow rapidly and reach heights of 20 to 50 feet, but when grown indoors, it typically reaches a maximum height of 5 to 8 feet. Maintaining golden bamboo indoors can be somewhat challenging, but with a large pot, bright sunlight, and regular care, it can thrive indoors, enhancing your home environment with its aesthetic appeal.

How To Grow Golden Bamboo 

Golden bamboo can be grown indoors, but it may not be easy if you don’t have the correct knowledge. Since golden bamboo plants grow rapidly, they require a sturdy and large pot and ample light and warmth. There are various species of golden bamboo plants, with some capable of growing up to 4-50 feet tall, so selecting a species that grows less tall is advisable for indoor cultivation. Typically, golden bamboo plants grown indoors, in offices, or restaurants are managed to grow up to 2-4 feet tall. With bright sunlight, warm temperatures, adequate watering, and proper maintenance, golden bamboo can thrive indoors. Below are guidelines on how to grow golden bamboo indoors:

Sunlight & Location

Golden bamboo plants prefer full sunlight, so keeping them in bright sunlight for 6-8 hours daily ensures their proper growth uninterrupted. When you grow golden bamboo in an outdoor environment like a backyard or rooftop, the plants prefer a location with dappled sunlight where they can receive full sunlight occasionally. Additionally, for indoor plants, it’s essential to provide adequate sunlight. In this case, you can place the plants near a bright balcony or next to a window on the north-west corner where they can receive direct sunlight. Sufficient sunlight will promote photosynthesis in the plants, keep the leaves vibrant, and ensure uninterrupted growth. If your home lacks sufficient sunlight, you can temporarily place the plants outdoors in a bright location during the day and bring them back indoors later.

Soil & fertilizer

Golden bamboo plants prefer well-draining, inert soil mixes such as vermiculite, perlite, peat moss, etc., which are blended with organic materials. If the soil lacks good drainage, water may accumulate, leading to root rot and potential damage to the plants. Therefore, providing a fertile potting mix is essential for the growth of golden bamboo plants.

These plants require abundant nutrients for their growth. During the growing season (spring), create a compost tea by steeping one to two inches of compost in water around the base of the plants. This will enrich the soil and provide essential nutrients for the plants’ growth. Additionally, you can apply liquid fertilizer according to the instructions on the label once a month to contribute to the health and growth of your plants.

Temperature & Humidity

Golden bamboo plants thrive in an ideal temperature range of 60-80°F. They cannot tolerate extremely cold temperatures. Prolonged exposure to temperatures below 5°F can cause the leaves of the plants to wither, eventually leading to the demise of the plant. Therefore, maintaining a bright temperature is crucial for the growth of golden bamboo plants.

While these plants prefer high humidity levels, they can still grow in moderate humidity conditions. An ideal humidity level for the growth of golden bamboo plants ranges between 50%-60%. If your home lacks the necessary humidity, you can use a humidifier to increase humidity levels or mist the leaves to provide moisture and promote growth.

Watering

Golden bamboo plants do not prefer excessive watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot in the plants. You can perform a soil test with your fingers, and if the soil feels completely dry, then you can water the plant. Generally, golden bamboo plants can be watered once a week. When watering, it’s essential to avoid using water mixed with chlorine or various chemical substances, as they can be harmful to the plants. You can use clean and safe water at room temperature for watering. Providing the right amount of water will keep the roots and leaves of the plant healthy and protect them from root rot and fungal infections.

Pests control

Golden bamboo is generally less susceptible to pest attacks compared to other indoor plants. However, pests such as mealybugs, spider mites, whiteflies, aphids, and scale insects can still infect them. These pests typically feed on the sap of the plant stems and leaves, which can cause damage to the plant’s growth. To protect against these pests, you can use a soap and water spray, apply neem oil, use alcohol, or use a mild chemical spray. Exercise caution when using chemical sprays, as excessive use can damage the plant’s leaves.

Types Of Golden Bamboo

Golden bamboo, commonly known as Phyllostachys aurea, is a popular species distinguished by its vibrant yellow stems and rapid growth. While Phyllostachys aurea is the primary species associated with the name “golden bamboo,” there are a few variations and related species within the broader category of golden or yellow bamboo. Here are some notable types:

‘Koi’ Golden Bamboo

Golden bamboo is popular among gardeners for its unique and vibrant colors. Initially, the plant shoots are green, but as they mature, they transform into a golden color. Golden bamboo can grow up to 15 to 20 feet tall, but when grown indoors, they typically reach heights of 7 to 8 feet.Golden bamboo prefers bright sunlight and warm temperatures. Low temperatures can cause the leaves of the plant to wilt and fall off. By providing the right amount of sunlight, maintaining a fertile potting mix, ensuring moderate watering, and regular monitoring for pests and diseases, you can easily cultivate golden bamboo indoors.

‘Albovariegata’ Golden Bamboo

Albovariegata golden bamboo is a variety characterized by its yellow-green leaves with occasional patches of white. The stems of this variety are sturdy and have a golden-yellow color. This type of bamboo grows rapidly and can reach heights of 6 to 30 feet in natural environments. However, in California, it typically grows to heights of 8 to 12 feet, with culms reaching up to 2 inches in diameter. Albovariegata bamboo prefers well-draining soil and a good potting mix. It thrives in bright sunlight and warm temperatures, moderate watering, proper application of fertilizers, and regular monitoring for pests and diseases can facilitate its growth indoors.

‘Holochrysa’ Golden Bamboo

Holochrysa golden bamboo is a popular variety known for its striking golden-yellow culms and lance-shaped leaves with green-yellow hues. These plants grow rapidly, reaching heights of 12-20 feet in natural environments, but they can also thrive indoors, growing up to 7-8 feet tall. Holochrysa bamboo prefers high temperatures and bright sunlight. It thrives in well-draining soil and benefits from organic fertilizers. Since these plants prefer less water, it’s important to avoid overwatering as excessive moisture can lead to root rot and leaf drop. Providing the necessary nutrients and proper monitoring can ensure the successful growth of Holochrysa golden bamboo indoors.

Pruning Golden Bamboo

Golden bamboo typically grows well without frequent pruning. However, when the plant becomes too dense, starts spreading uncontrollably, or shows signs of damaged or dead branches, pruning becomes essential. It helps control the plant’s growth and keeps it healthy. When pruning, it’s important to remove the side branches or offshoots without cutting the main culms. Use sharp pruning shears or a pruner to ensure clean cuts and avoid damaging the plant. Pruning helps the plant maintain its structural integrity and encourages new shoots to grow from the pruned areas. Regular pruning not only helps maintain the natural shape of the bamboo but also ensures good air circulation and light penetration, both crucial for the plant’s overall health and vigor.

Propagating Golden Bamboo

Golden Bamboo is generally not easily propagated by stem cuttings. This type of bamboo is typically propagated through rhizome division. Stem cuttings should usually be done in spring or autumn when the bamboo is actively growing. Some possible steps for propagation by stem cuttings are listed below:

1. Select a healthy, mature stem and cut it to 4 to 6 inches in length using a sharp knife.
2. Remove all the leaf portions from the lower part of the cutting to prevent the leaves from touching the soil when planted.
3. Prepare a pot or soil mixture that drains well; compost or a potting mix can be used for this purpose.
4. Apply rooting hormone to the bottom end of the cutting to aid in root formation.
5. Insert the bottom part of the cutting into the soil to a depth of about 2 to 3 inches.
6. Water the cutting well after planting and place it in a bright, shaded area. You can use a plastic cover or a humidity tray around the cutting to maintain moisture.
7. New shoots and roots should appear within a few weeks. Once sufficient roots have developed, you can transplant the cutting to a larger pot or into your garden.

Potting & Repotting For Golden Bamboo

To start a small nursery with golden bamboo, select a pot with drainage holes based on the current size of the plant. Typically, a pot with dimensions of 12-24 inches in width and depth is ideal. Since golden bamboo doesn’t prefer excessive water, a pot with drainage holes is preferred. Choose a growing medium with the right mix of soil and additives such as vermiculite, perlite, peat moss, and coco coir. After adding the potting mix to the pot, carefully place the plant in the pot and gently press the soil around it, adding a little water and organic fertilizer by hand. Then, place the plant in a bright, well-lit area.

Golden bamboo grows rapidly, so repotting is necessary within 1-2 years. When you see the roots of your plant coming out of the pot and the growth is excessive, you can start repotting. In this case, choose a larger container with good drainage according to the size of the current plant. After the container and the right potting mix are ready, carefully remove the plant from the old pot, being cautious with the roots, and transfer it to the new pot. After placing the plant in the new pot, add soil and potting mix properly and can also provide a little water to fertilize it. Repotting should be done during the growing season (spring), and it should be avoided during the winter. Repotting will provide the necessary space for the growth of your plants and give them fresh soil, ensuring their vitality and uninterrupted growth.

Common Problems With Golden Bamboo

Golden bamboo can grow easily with minimal maintenance. However, it may sometimes face issues such as leaf drop, leaf wilting, and leaf browning. These problems are typically caused by insufficient watering, nutrient deficiency, and excessive sunlight. Below is a discussion of the necessary problems and solutions for golden bamboo:

Leaves Curling

Leaves curling is often caused by insufficient watering, indicating that the plant is not receiving enough water and the soil has dried out. If you notice the plant’s leaves curling, it may be a sign that it needs immediate watering. Water the plant once or twice a week, ensuring that the soil surface has dried out between waterings. In hot weather or if the plant is in a container, it may require more frequent watering. During summer, the plant’s water needs may increase. To help retain soil moisture and protect the plant from excessive heat, consider using mulch around the soil.

Dropping Leaves

Leaves dropping is most often caused by nutrient deficiency. Bamboo plants require a nitrogen-rich fertilizer to maintain their health. Apply organic compost at the beginning of spring and mid-summer to provide the necessary nutrients and address wilting leaves. However, excessive fertilization can harm the plant and may cause browning of the leaves. Therefore, maintain the correct amount of fertilizer and apply it based on the plant’s needs.

Leaves Turning Yellow

Leaves browning is usually caused by excessive sunlight, lack of watering, or nutrient imbalances in the soil. Protect bamboo plants from direct, intense sunlight; they thrive in indirect or filtered light, which helps keep the leaves healthy. If possible, relocate the plant to a spot with reduced direct sunlight. Regularly check the soil moisture and water as needed, ensuring the soil surface dries out between waterings. Avoid overwatering, as imbalances in soil nutrients can result from both overwatering and underwatering. Test the soil’s nutrient levels and add necessary nutrients if needed. Calcium and potassium can help improve soil nutrition.

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